مقایسۀ پارامترهای بیومکانیکی منتخب و خطر آسیبِ پای تکیه‌گاه، حین شوت با پای برتر و غیربرتر در بین بازیکنان مبتدی فوتسال

نویسندگان

چکیده
با توجه به تأثیر موقعیت قرارگیری پای تکیه­گاه به­منزلۀ عاملی مؤثر بر موفقیت شوت و بروز آسیب در مفصل مچ پا، هدف این تحقیق، مقایسۀ منتخبی از ویژگی‌های بیومکانیکی و عوامل مؤثر بر آسیبِ پای تکیه­گاه در شوت با پای برتر و غیربرتر بازیکنان مبتدی فوتسال بود. در این تحقیقِ نیمه­تجربی، 12 بازیکن فوتسال آماتور جوان با میانگین و انحراف استاندارد سن 1/5±21/2 ، قد 4/2±176 سانتی متر، وزن 5/5 ±67/6 کیلوگرم مشارکت کردند. درحالی­که از ورزشکاران خواسته شد تا توپ را با پای برتر و غیربرتر با حداکثر تلاش از فاصلۀ 10 متری به­سمت دروازه شوت کنند، اطلاعات مربوط به نیرو و ضربۀ وارد شده به کف پا و موقعیت پای تکیه­گاه به­کمک دستگاه سنجش فشار کف پای صفحه­ای Platform و با سرعت نمونه­برداری 300 هرتز ثبت شد. برای بررسی خطر آسیب مچ پا، نیروها، ضربه­ها و بیشترین فشار وارد به قسمت­های لترال و مدیال، در دو پای برتر و غیربرتر اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج حاکی از وجود اختلاف معنادار در دامنۀ حرکتی مفصل ساب­تالار بود که احتمالاً می­توان دلیل آن­ را وجود انعطاف و هماهنگی بیشتر در پای برتر دانست. در مقدار ضربۀ وارد به قسمت­های جلویی، میانی و عقبی پا، اختلاف معنی­داری بین پای راست و چپ مشاهده نشد. حداکثر فشار در قسمت لترال پای غیربرتر به­طور معناداری بیشتر از پای دیگر بود که احتمالاً می‌تواند یکی از علل افزایش خطر آسیب داخلی مچ پا تلقی شود. با توجه به تازه­کاربودن و فقدان هماهنگی عصبی عضلانی مناسب در اندام غیربرتر آزمودنی­ها قادر نبودند الگوی پیشرفته­ای از حرکت شوت را در پای غیربرتر ارائه دهند. ازاین­رو، فقدان هماهنگی عصبی عضلانی می­تواند به اتلاف انرژی و واردآمدن فشارهای غیراصولی به قسمت­های مختلف بدن به­ویژه کف پا منجر شود و بروز آسیب را تشدید کند. با توجه به نتایج تحقیق، می­توان گفت ورزشکاران مبتدی فوتسال، حین زدن شوت با پای برتر، کیفیت بالاتری را از نظر فاکتورهای بیومکانیکی دخیل در حرکت نشان می­دهند. همچنین، با توجه به پارامترهایی که بررسی شد، احتمال آسیب در مچ پای تکیه­گاه فوتبالیست­های مبتدی، هنگامی که با پای غیربرتر اقدام به شوت می­کنند، بیشتر از پای تکیه­گاه است. البته تعمیم این نتایج به بازیکنان نیمه­مبتدی و حرفه­ای نیاز به تحقیقات بیشتری دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Comparison of selected biomechanical parameters and support foot injury during soccer instep kick by preferred and non-preferred lower limbs of the novice players

نویسندگان English

Mostafa Haj Lotfalian
Mahdi Kargarfard
Heydar Sadeghi
Sajjad Mohammadi
چکیده English

Support foot position is one of the important factors which can affect instep kick quality and ankle joint injury. The aims of this study were to examine the support foot parameters in maximal instep kicking with the preferred and the non-preferred leg and research on risk factors for ankle joint injury in amateur futsal players. In this semi experimental study, twelve young and novice futsal players performed maximal speed place kicks with the preferred and the non-preferred leg. Average of the subjects individual characteristic have contained, age : 21/2±1/5 years, weight : 67/6±5/5 Kg and height :176±4/2 cm. Athletes were kicking the ball towards the goal from 10 meters. amount of support foot pressure were calculated at 300 Hz. To calculate injury of ankle joint, Forces, impulses, position of the fixed leg and maximum pressure of the lateral and medial portions of the foots were determined. Results indicated a significant difference in amount of subtalar joint range of motion. Higher range of motion in dominant leg were caused by a greater flexibility and coordination in this side of the body. In addition there were no significant different in impact of anterior, middle and posterior portion of fixed legs between two support foot. In contrast the maximum pressure in lateral side of non-preferred leg, was significantly more than other foot. In addition, the maximum force in non-preferred leg occurred prior then other foot. These problems can exacerbate ankle injury risk. Because the subjects were novice and they do not have appropriate neuromuscular coordination, can’t show a good movement pattern in non preferred leg. Hence, the absence of neuromuscular coordination can lead to energy loss and high pressure coming into the body, especially the feet and it can exacerbate injuries. In a nutshell, amateur subjects indicated higher quality of­ biomechanical parameters in support foot of the preferred leg. Also likelihood of ankle sprain in dominant foot was less than other. Also generalization of these results to semi-professional and professional players, need further research.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biomechanics
Instep kick
Support Foot
Preferred and Non-Preferred Foot
Foot Pressure
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