پژوهش در طب ورزشی و فناوری

اثر هشت هفته تمرین عملکردی اختصاصی بر عوامل خطرزای آسیب و اجرای ورزشی جودوکاران پسر

نویسندگان

محمدرضا محمودخانی
هومن مینونژاد
رضا رجبی
امیرحسین براتی
چکیده
جودو یکی از پرمخاطب­ترین هنرهای رزمی دنیا است، پژوهشگران­ خطر بروز آسیب در هنگام تمرین جودو را بیشتر از زمان مسابقه گزارش کرده­اند. بنابراین، رو­ش­های تمرین ایمن­‌تر و اثربخش­‌تر باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. با توجه به ضرورت توسعه و کاربرد رویکردهای پیشگیری از آسیب و بهبود عملکرد ورزشی، هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر هشت هفته تمرین عملکردی اختصاصی جودو بر عوامل خطرزای بروز آسیب و عملکرد ورزشی جودوکاران پسر غیرنخبه میباشد. 46 نفر جودوکار غیرنخبه هدفمند انتخاب و به روش تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (23نفر) و کنترل (23نفر) تقسیم شدند. گروه تجربی هشت‌هفته در برنامۀ تمرینات عملکردی اختصاصی جودو که محققان طراحی کرده بودند، شرکت نمودند. گروه کنترل در مدت مشابه، به تمرینات مرسوم جودو پرداختند. تمرینات سه‌بار در هفته و در هر جلسه 90 دقیقه انجام شد. آزمودنی­‌ها 24 ساعت پیش از شروع و پس از پایان دوره در پیش­آزمون و پس­آزمون شرکت کردند. برای بررسی نرمال بودن داده‌­ها از آزمون شاپیرو-ویلک و برای اندازه­‌گیری اختلاف میان میانگین گروه­‌ها از تحلیل کوواریانس (ANCOVA) در سطح معناداری (0/05p≤) استفاده شد. آنالیزها با نرم‌افزار (21)SPSS انجام شد. بر اساس یافته‌­ها افزایش معناداری در امتیاز آزمون­‌های غربالگری حرکت عملکردی (0/001p=)، تعادلY اندام فوقانی(0/001p=)، پرش عمودی (0/001p=) و آمادگی اختصاصی جودو (0/001p=) در گروه تجربی مشاهده شد. مداخله تمرینی این پژوهش همزمان بر کاهش یا تعدیل عوامل خطرزای بروز آسیب و ارتقای عملکرد ورزشی اختصاصی موثر بود؛ بنابر این نسبت به برنامه­‌های تمرینی رایج کارآمدتر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تمرین عملکردی
پیشگیری از آسیب
غربالگری حرکت عملکردی
اجرای ورزشی

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of an 8-week specific functional training on injury risk factors and athletic performance in male judokas

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Reza Mahmoudkhani
Hooman Minoonejad
Reza Rajabi
Amir Hossein Barati
چکیده English

Judo is one of the most popular martial arts in the world. Researchers reported a higher risk of injuries during training rather than the time of competition. So, the safe and effective training methods should be considered. As development and application of injury prevention approaches and athletic performance enhancement is necessary, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week Judo Specific Functional Training on the injury risk factors and athletic performance in non-elite male judokas. 46 non-elite judokas participated in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (23:N) and control (23:N). For a period of 8 weeks, the experimental group attended a special judo functional training program designed by the researchers. At the same time, the control group participated in the usual judo training program presented by the coaches. The exercises were performed 3 sessions per week and 90 minutes per session. The subjects participated in pre- and post-tests. After data collection, in order to approve data normality and compare the variables, Shapiro-wilk, ANCOVA analysis was implemented at the significant level (p≤0.05) using SPSS version 21. The results showed that scores of functional movement screening (p=0.001), upper extremity Y balance test (p=0.001), vertical jump (p=0.001) and special judo fitness test (p=0.001) significantly increased among the experimental group in comparison to the Control group. This Judo specific functional training program simultaneously modifies or decreases the injury risk factors and improves the athletic performance and has more efficiency and effectiveness rather than the usual judo training program.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Functional Training
Injury Prevention
Functional Motion Screening
Athletic performance
1. Yard, E.E., Knox, C.L., Smith, G.A, Comstock, R.D. (2007). Pediatric martial arts injuries presenting to emergency departments,United States 1990-2003. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 10(4):219-26.
2. IJF. International Judo Federation. http://www.ijf.org/ (Accessed February 2018).
3. Green, T.A., Svinth, J.A. (2010). Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. California: ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara.
4. Maciejewski, R., Callanta, H. (2016). Injuries and training variables in Filipino judo athletes. Biomedical Human Kinetics. 8(1):165-72.
5. Kujala, U.M., Taimela, S., Antti-Poika, I., Oraya, S., Tuominen, R., Myllynen, P. (1995). Acute injuries in soc-cer, ice hockey, volleyball, basketball, judo, and karate: analysis of national registry data. British Medical Journal. 311:1465-8.
6. Pierantozzi, E., Muroni, R. (2009). Judo high level competitions injuries. Mediterranean Journal of Musculoskeletal Surveys.17:26-9.
7. Pieter, W., Talbot, C., Pinlac, V., Bercades, L.T. (2001). Injuries at the konica asian judo championships. Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis. 6:102-11.
8. Kamitani, T., Nimura, Y., Nagahiro, S., Miyazaki, S., Tomatsu, T. (2013). Catastrophic head and neck injuries in judo players in Japan from 2003 to 2010. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 41(8):1915-21.
9. Rukasz, W., Sterkowicz, S., Kłys, A. (2011). Causes and injuries during ippon-seoi-nage throw. Archives of Budo. 7(1):17-9.
10. Prill, R., Coriolano, H.J.A., Michel, S., Alfuth, M. (2014). The influence of the special throwing technique on the prevalence of knee joint injuries in judo. Archives of Budo. 10:211-6.
11. Koshida, S., Deguchi, T., Miyashita, K., Iwai, K., Urabe, Y. (2010). The common mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in judo: a retrospective analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 44(12):856-61.
12. Toms, V.L., Solomen, S., Jimshad, T. (2015). Grip style, grip side on leg dominance in ACL injuries among judo players. International Journal of Development Research. 5(12):6308-13.
13. Pocecco, E., Ruedl, G., Stankovic, N., Sterkowicz, S., Del Vecchio, F.B., Gutiérrez-García, C., Rousseau, R., Wolf, M., Kopp, M., Miarka, B., Menz, V., Krüsmann, P., Calmet, M., Malliaropoulos, N., Burtscher, M. (2013). Injuries in judo: a systematic literature review including suggestions for prevention. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 47(18):1139-43.
14. Engebretsen, L., Soligard, T., Steffen, K., Alonso, J.M., Aubry, M., Budgett, R., Dvorak, J., Jegathesan, M., Meeuwisse, W.H., Mountjoy, M., Palmer-Green, D., Vanhegan, I., Renström, P.A. (2013). Sports injuries and illnesses during the London Summer Olympic Games 2012. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 47(7):407-14.
15. Green, C.M., Petrou, M.J., Fogarty-Hover, M.L., Rolf, C.G. (2007) Injuries among judokas during com-petition. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 17(3):205-10.
16. Bacanac, L.R., Radovic, M., Veskovic, A. (2007). Frequen‌cy of sports injuries depending on gender, age, sports ex‌perience, nature of sports and training process. Serbian Journal of Sports and Science. 1(4):122-8.
17. Padua, D.A., Distefano, L.J. (2009). Sagittal plane knee biomechanics and vertical ground reaction forces are modified following ACL injury prevention programs: A systematic review. Sports Health. 1(2):165-73.
18. Lederman, E. (2010). neuromuscular rehabilitation in manual and physical therapies principle to practice. Elsevier.
19. Cook, G., Keith, M.S. (1997). Functional training for the torso. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 19(2):14-19.
20. Collins, A. (2012). The complete guide to functional training. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
21. Steffen, K., Bakka, H.M., Myklebust, G., Bahr, R. (2008). Performance aspects of an injury prevention program: A ten-week intervention in adolescent female football players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 18(5):596-604.
22. Voskanian, N. (2013). ACL injury prevention in female athletes: review of the literature and practical considerations in implementing an ACL prevention program. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 6(2):158-63.
23. Teyhen, D.S., Riebel. M.A., McArthur, D.R., Savini, M., Jones, M.J., Goffar, S.L., Kiesel, K.B., Plisky, P.J. (2014). Normative data and the influence of age and gender on power, balance, flexibility, and functional movement in healthy service members. Military Medicine. 179(4):413-20.
24. Zou, L. (2016). Relationship between functional movement screening and skill-related fitness in college students. International Journal of Sports Science. 6(1):11-8.
25. Zaggelidis, G., Lazaridis, S.N., Malkogiorgos, A., Mavrovouniotis, F. (2012). Differences in vertical jumping performance between untrained males and advanced greek judokas. Archives of Budo. 8(2).87-90
26. Drid, P., Casals, C., Mekic, A., Radjo, I., Stojanovic, M., Ostojic, S.M. ( 2015). Fitness and anthropometric profiles of international Vs. national judo medalists in half-heavyweight category. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29(8):2115-21.
27. Demira, S. ( 2011). The study of the effects of educational judo practices on motor abilities of 7-12 years aged judo performing children. Asian Social Science. 7(9):212.
28. Franchini, E., Sterkowicz, S., Szmatlan-Gabrys, U., Gabrys, T., Garnys, M. (2011). Energy system contributions to the special judo fitness test. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 6(3):334-43.
29. Cowen, V.S. (2010). Functional fitness improvements after a worksite based yoga initiative. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 14(1):50-4.
30. Kiesel, K., Plisky, P., Butler, R. (2011). Functional movement test scores improve fol‌lowing a standardized off-season intervention program in profession‌al football players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 21(2):287-92.
31. Bodden, J.G., Needham, R.A., Chockalingam, N. (2015). The effect of an intervention program on functional movement screen test scores in mixed martial arts athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29(1):219-25.
32. Dinc, E., Kilinc, B.E., Bulat, M., Erten, Y.T., Bayraktar, B. (2017). Effects of special exercise programs on functional movement screen scores and injury prevention in preprofessional young football players. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation. 13(5):535-40.
33. Linek, P., Saulicz, E., Myśliwiec, A., Wójtowicz, M., Wolny, T. (2016). The effect of specific sling exercises on the functional movement screen score in adolescent volleyball players: A preliminary study. Journal of Human Kinetics. 54:83-90.
34. Butler, R.J., Myers, H.S., Black, D., Kiesel, K.B., Plisky, P.J., Moorman, C.T., Queen, R.M. (2014). Bilateral differences in the upper quarter function of high school aged baseball and softball players. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 9(4):518-24.
35. Tse, M.A., Mcmanus, A.M., Masters, R.S.W. (2005). Development and validation of a core endurance intervention program: implications for performance in college-age rowers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 19(3):547-55.
36. Thompson, C.J., Cobb, K.M., Blackwell, J. (2007). Functional training improves club head speed and functional fitness in older golfers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 21(1):131–7.
37. Nikolenko, M., Brown, L.E., Coburn. J.W., Spiering, B.A., Tran, T.T. (2011). Relationship between core power and measures of sport performance. Kinesiology. 2:163-8.
38. Akoto, R., Lambert, C., Balke, M., Bouillon, B., Frosch, K.H., Höher, J. (2017). Epidemiology of injuries in judo: a cross-sectional survey of severe injuries based on time loss and reduction in sporting level. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52(17):1109-15.
39. Wirth, K., Hartmann, H., Mickel, C., Szilvas, E., Keiner, M., Sander, A. (2017). Core stability in athletes: A critical analysis of current guidelines. Sports Medicine. 47(3):401-14.
40. Hoff, J., Helgerud, J. (2004). Endurance and strength training for soccer players: physiological considerations. Sports Medicine. 34(3):165-80.
41. Yard, E.E., Collins, C.L., Dawn Comstock, R. (2009). A comparison of high school sports injury surveillance data reporting by certified athletic trainers and coaches. Journal of Athletic Training. 44(6):645-52.
42. Zech, A., Hübscher, M., Vogt, L., Banzer, W., Hänsel, F., Pfeifer, K. (2010). Balance training for neuromuscular control and performance enhancement: A systematic review. Journal of Athletic Training. 45(4):392-403.
43. Mendes, B. (2016). The effects of core training applied to footballers on anaerobic power, speed and agility performance. The Anthropologist. 23(3):361-6.
44. Harries, S.K., Lubans, D.R., Callister, R. (2012). Resistance training to improve power and sports performance in adolescent athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 15(6):532-40.
45. Zwolski, C., Quatman, Y., Paterno, M.V. (2017). Resistance training in youth: laying the foundation for injury prevention and physical literacy. Sports Health. 9(5):436-43.
46. Franchini, E., Miarka, B., Matheus, L., Del Vecchio, F.B. (2011). Endurance in judogi grip strength tests:comparison between elite and non-elite judo players. Archives of Budo. 7(1):1-4.
47. Letafatkar, Kh., Alizadeh, M.H., Kordi, M.R. (2009). The effect of exhausting exercise induced muscular fatigue on functional stability. Journal of Social Sciences. 5 (4):416-22.