پژوهش در طب ورزشی و فناوری

اثربخشی اسنورکل بر آموزش مهارت های اصلی شنا در کودکان و نوجوانان غیرشناگر دارای ترس از آب

نویسندگان

سید کاظم موسوی ساداتی 1
سیما نظری 2
کیوان ملانوروزی 3

1 دانشگاه آزاد. واحد تهران شرق

2 دانشگاه آزاد. واحد علوم تحقیقات

3 دانشگاه آزاد علوم و تحقیقات

https://doi.org/10.61186/jsmt.21.25.30
چکیده
هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثربخشی اسنورکل بر آموزش مهارت­های اصلی شنا در­کودکان و نوجوانان غیرشناگر دارای ترس از آب بود. این پژوهش از نوع تجربی و با طرح های پیش آزمون پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. شرکت کنندگان30 کودک (64/0±95/8 سال) و30 نوجوان (71/0±06/15 سال) غیرشناگر دارای ترس از آب بودند که شرکت کنندگان هر گروه بطور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند (15 نفر در هر گروه). هر چهار گروه پس از شرکت در پیش آزمون مهارت ورود به آب، باز کردن چشم در آب، سر خوردن و جهت­گیری در آب، حرکت در آب و حبس نفس، وارد دوره 20 جلسه­ای آموزش شنا شدند، بطوری­که به گروه آزمایش با اسنورکل و به گروه کنترل بدون اسنورکل مهارت­های اصلی شنا توسط یک مربی آموزش داده شد. سپس هر چهار گروه در پس آزمون شرکت کردند. داده­ها با تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره (مانکووا) دو عاملی و آزمون تعقیبی بنفرونی[1] تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج یافته­ها گویای آن است اثرات اصلی سن معنی دار نبود ولی اثرات اصلی تمرین و اثرات تعاملی سن و تمرین معنی دار بود. استفاده از اسنورکل در کودکان و نوجوانان بر مهارت ورود به آب، باز کردن چشم در آب اثر معنی داری نداشت ولی بر مهارت های سر خوردن و جهت­گیری در آب و حرکت در آب اثر معنی دار و مثبت داشت. همچنین استفاده از اسنورکل در کودکان و نوجوانان بر مهارت حبس نفس اثر معنی دار و منفی داشت. با توجه به اینکه نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان دهنده تاثیرات مثبت استفاده از اسنورکل بر یادگیری مهارت های سر خوردن و جهت­گیری در آب و حرکت در آب و اثرات منفی آن بر حبس نفس در کودکان و نوجوانان است، توصیه می­شود مربیانی که برای سازگار نمودن کودکان و نوجوانان با آب از اسنورکل استفاده می کنند آموزش های تکمیلی برای بهیود مهارت حبس نفس ارایه نمایند.





[1] . Bonferroni

کلیدواژه‌ها

مهارت حرکتی
ترس از آب
آموزش شنا
اسنورکل
کودکان و نوجوانان

عنوان مقاله English

Effects of Snorkel on Teaching Principal Swimming Skills in Non-Swimmer Children and Adolescents with Fear of Water

نویسندگان English

Seyed Kazem Mousavisadati 1
Sima Nazari 2
Keyvan Molanorouzi 3
1 East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University,
2 Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,
3 Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
چکیده English

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of snorkeling on teaching basic swimming skills in non-swimmer children and teenagers with fear of water. This research was an experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The participants were 30 children (8.95±0.64 years old) and 30 teenagers (15.06±0.71 years old) non-swimmers who were afraid of water, and the participants of each group were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). After participating in the pre-test of skills of entering the water, opening the eyes in the water, gliding, orientation in the water and movement in the water and breath holding, all four groups entered a 20-session course of swimming training, so that the experimental group with snorkel and the control group without snorkel were taught basic swimming skills by an instructor. Then all four groups participated in the post-test. The data were analyzed by two-factor multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Benferoni's post hoc test. The results of the findings show that the main effects of age were not significant, but the main effects of training and the interactive effects of age and training were significant. Using a snorkel in children and teenagers did not have a significant effect on the skill of entering the water, opening the eyes in the water, but it had a significant and positive effect on the skills of gliding, orientation in the water and movement in the water. Also, the use of snorkel in children and teenagers had a significant and negative effect on breath holding skill. Considering that the results of the present study show the positive effects of using a snorkel on learning the skills of gliding and orientation in water and moving in water and its negative effect on breath holding skill in children and teenagers, it is recommended that the instructors who use snorkel to acclimatize children and teenagers to the water, provide additional training to improve the skill of holding their breath.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Motor Skills
Fear of Water
Swimming Training
Snorkel
children and adolescents
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