پژوهش در طب ورزشی و فناوری

استعدادیابی ورزشی بر مبنای پروفایل ژنتیک: مطالعه مروری روایتی

نویسنده

کیا رنجبر

استادیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
مقدمه: هدف از مطالعه حاضر معرفی و بررسی ژن‌های متعددی است که با عملکرد ورزشی افراد مرتبط هستند و می‌تواند در گزینش و انتخاب آن‌ها در رشته ورزشی مناسب و مورد علاقه‌شان مؤثر باشد. در این فاکتورهای مختلف آمادگی جسمانی و تمرین پذیری در کنار خطر ابتلا به آسیب ورزشی و آمادگی روانی ورزشکاران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند.

یافته‌ها: عملکرد ورزشی افراد و پایش تمرینات ورزشی تحت‌تأثیر ژنتیک و مداخلات محیطی قرار دارد. در مطالعه حاضر عملکرد سیستم هوازی با ژن ACE و آلل‌های مختلف آن، عملکرد قدرتی و توانی افراد با ژن آلفااکتنین 3 (ACTN3)، بررسی خطر آسیب افراد با ژن‌های مختلف از جمله انواع کلاژن COL1A1)، (COL5A1، تناسین (TNC)، آپولیپوپروتئین E و گروه‌های خونی قابل پیش‌بینی است؛ همچنین تمرین پذیری و آمادگی روانی افراد در فرایند استعدادیابی توسط دانش ژنتیک قابل‌بررسی است. از سوی دیگر استفاده از دانش ژنتیک و نیم‌رخ ژنی ورزشکاران می‌تواند برای تشخیص دوپینگ‌های ژنی و سلولی مفید واقع شود و به سازمان‌های که در امر پیشگیری از دوپینگ مانند WADA فعالیت می‌کنند، کمک نماید.

نتیجه‌گیری: ترکیب دانش ژنتیک در کنار مداخلات محیطی نه‌تنها در بحث استعدادیابی بلکه در پایش تمرین و ارتقای عملکرد ورزشکاران نقش مؤثری دارد. علی‌رغم وجود نقش‌های ژنتیکی وسیع، پیش‌گویی موفقیت ورزشی با دانش ژنتیک محدود به یک سری ژن خاص بوده است بااین‌حال توسعه این دانش و شناسائی ژن‌های بیشتری که می‌توانند در بحث استعدادیابی و پایش تمرین دخیل باشند نیاز به تحقیقات بیشتری را می‌طلبد

کلیدواژه‌ها

استعدادیابی ورزشی
ژنتیک
عملکرد ورزشی
آلفااکتنین 3
آنزیم مبدل آنزیوتانسین
کلاژن

عنوان مقاله English

Sports Talent Based On Genetic Profile: Narrative Review

نویسنده English

Kia Ranjbar
Assistant professor department of exercise physiology, faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: The purpose of the present study is to introduce and examine several genes that are related to people's sports performance and can be effective in their selection and selection in their favorite sports field. Various factors of physical fitness and training ability have been investigated along with the risk of sports injury and mental fitness of athletes.
Findings: The sports performance of people and the monitoring of sports exercises have been influenced by the vast genetic map and environmental interventions. In the present study, the performance of the aerobic system with the ACE gene and its different alleles, the strength and power performance of people with the ACTN3 gene, and the risk of injury of people with different genes such as COL1A1, COL5A1, Tenascin (TNC), apolipoprotein E and blood groups were investigated. It is a prediction; also, the trainability and mental preparation of people in the talent search process can be predicted and possibly measured by genetic knowledge. On the other hand, using the knowledge of genetics and genetic profiles of athletes can be useful for detecting genetic and cellular doping and help organizations that work in the prevention of doping, such as WADA.
Conclusion: The combination of genetic knowledge and environmental interventions play an effective role not only in discussing an athlete's talent, but also in monitoring and improving their performance. While genetics can play a significant role, the prediction of sports success based on genetic knowledge has been limited to a specific set of genes. However, developing this knowledge and identifying more genes that can aid in talent identification and exercise monitoring requires further research.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Sport talent
genetics
Sport performance
α-Actinine
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Collagen
Khalidi N, Neda, Fayaz Milani, Rana, Arjmand. The frequency of gene polymorphisms related to physical performance and sports genetics in the Iranian population and elite athletes. Applied sports physiology research paper. 2015 Apr 21;11(21):103-18. https://doi. rg/10.22080/jaep.2015.1111
Khalidi N, Neda, Fayaz Milani, Rana, Arjmand. The frequency of gene polymorphisms related to physical performance and sports genetics in the Iranian population and elite athletes. Applied sports physiology research paper. 2015 Apr 21;11(21):103-18. https://doi. rg/10.22080/jaep.2015.1111
Fallah Abbas, Fallah Mohammadi Zia, Bahmanesh Mehrdad, Karakhanlou Reza, Ali Naghizadeh Mohsen, Investigation of polymorphisms of ACE gene I/D and ACTN in gene 3 R577X in Iranian elite judo. Applied sports physiology research paper. 2015 Apr 21;11(21):151-158. https://doi. rg/10.22080/jaep.2019.13297.1705
Fallah Abbas, Fallah Mohammadi Zia, Bahmanesh Mehrdad, Karakhanlou Reza, Ali Naghizadeh Mohsen, Investigation of polymorphisms of ACE gene I/D and ACTN in gene 3 R577X in Iranian elite judo. Applied sports physiology research paper. 2015 Apr 21;11(21):151-158. https://doi. rg/10.22080/jaep.2019.13297.1705
Guth LM, Roth SM. Genetic influence on athletic performance. Current opinion in pediatrics. 2013 Dec;25(6):653.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e3283659087 [DOI:10.1097%2FMOP.0b013e3283659087]
Guth LM, Roth SM. Genetic influence on athletic performance. Current opinion in pediatrics. 2013 Dec;25(6):653.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e3283659087 [DOI:10.1097%2FMOP.0b013e3283659087]
Lippi G, Longo UG, Maffulli N. Genetics and sports. British medical bulletin. 2010 Mar 1;93(1):27-47. [DOI:10.1093/bmb/ldq001]
Lippi G, Longo UG, Maffulli N. Genetics and sports. British medical bulletin. 2010 Mar 1;93(1):27-47. [DOI:10.1093/bmb/ldq001]
Bouchard C. Genomic predictors of trainability. Experimental physiology. 2012 Mar;97(3):347-52. [DOI:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.058735]
Bouchard C. Genomic predictors of trainability. Experimental physiology. 2012 Mar;97(3):347-52. [DOI:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.058735]
Saito M, Ginszt M, Semenova EA, Massidda M, Huminska-Lisowska K, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Homma H, Cięszczyk P, Okamoto T, Larin AK, Generozov EV. Is COL1A1 Gene rs1107946 Polymorphism Associated with Sport Climbing Status and Flexibility?. Genes. 2022 Feb 23;13(3):403. [DOI:10.3390/genes13030403]
Saito M, Ginszt M, Semenova EA, Massidda M, Huminska-Lisowska K, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Homma H, Cięszczyk P, Okamoto T, Larin AK, Generozov EV. Is COL1A1 Gene rs1107946 Polymorphism Associated with Sport Climbing Status and Flexibility?. Genes. 2022 Feb 23;13(3):403. [DOI:10.3390/genes13030403]
De Moor MH, Spector TD, Cherkas LF, Falchi M, Hottenga JJ, Boomsma DI, De Geus EJ. Genome-wide linkage scan for athlete status in 700 British female DZ twin pairs. Twin Research and Human Genetics. 2007 Dec;10(6):812-20. [DOI:10.1375/twin.10.6.812]
De Moor MH, Spector TD, Cherkas LF, Falchi M, Hottenga JJ, Boomsma DI, De Geus EJ. Genome-wide linkage scan for athlete status in 700 British female DZ twin pairs. Twin Research and Human Genetics. 2007 Dec;10(6):812-20. [DOI:10.1375/twin.10.6.812]
Chung HC, Keiller DR, Roberts JD, Gordon DA. Do exercise-associated genes explain phenotypic variance in the three components of fitness? A systematic review & meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Oct 14;16(10):e0249501. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0249501]
Chung HC, Keiller DR, Roberts JD, Gordon DA. Do exercise-associated genes explain phenotypic variance in the three components of fitness? A systematic review & meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Oct 14;16(10):e0249501. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0249501]
Konopka MJ, van den Bunder JC, Rietjens G, Sperlich B, Zeegers MP. Genetics of long‐distance runners and road cyclists-A systematic review with meta‐analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2022 Oct;32(10):1414-29. [DOI:10.1111/sms.14212]
Konopka MJ, van den Bunder JC, Rietjens G, Sperlich B, Zeegers MP. Genetics of long‐distance runners and road cyclists-A systematic review with meta‐analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2022 Oct;32(10):1414-29. [DOI:10.1111/sms.14212]
Konopka MJ, van den Bunder JC, Rietjens G, Sperlich B, Zeegers MP. Genetics of long‐distance runners and road cyclists-A systematic review with meta‐analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2022 Oct;32(10):1414-29. [DOI:10.1111/sms.14212]
Konopka MJ, van den Bunder JC, Rietjens G, Sperlich B, Zeegers MP. Genetics of long‐distance runners and road cyclists-A systematic review with meta‐analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2022 Oct;32(10):1414-29. [DOI:10.1111/sms.14212]
PÉRUSSE L, GAGNON J, PROVINCE MA, Rao DC, WILMORE JH, LEON AS, BOUCHARD C, SKINNER JS. Familial aggregation of submaximal aerobic performance in the HERITAGE Family study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001 Apr 1;33(4):597-604. [DOI:10.1097/00005768-200104000-00014]
PÉRUSSE L, GAGNON J, PROVINCE MA, Rao DC, WILMORE JH, LEON AS, BOUCHARD C, SKINNER JS. Familial aggregation of submaximal aerobic performance in the HERITAGE Family study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001 Apr 1;33(4):597-604. [DOI:10.1097/00005768-200104000-00014]
Kujala UM, Järvinen M, Natri A, Lehto M, Nelimarkka O, Hurme M, Virta L, Finne J. ABO blood groups and musculoskeletal injuries. Injury. 1992 Jan 1;23(2):131-3. [DOI:10.1016/0020-1383(92)90050-3]
Kujala UM, Järvinen M, Natri A, Lehto M, Nelimarkka O, Hurme M, Virta L, Finne J. ABO blood groups and musculoskeletal injuries. Injury. 1992 Jan 1;23(2):131-3. [DOI:10.1016/0020-1383(92)90050-3]
Lippi G, Gandini G, Salvagno GL, Skafidas S, Festa L, Danese E, Montagnana M, Sanchis-Gomar F, Tarperi C, Schena F. Influence of ABO blood group on sports performance. Annals of translational medicine. 2017 Jun;5(12).
https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2017.04.33 [DOI:10.21037%2Fatm.2017.04.33]
Lippi G, Gandini G, Salvagno GL, Skafidas S, Festa L, Danese E, Montagnana M, Sanchis-Gomar F, Tarperi C, Schena F. Influence of ABO blood group on sports performance. Annals of translational medicine. 2017 Jun;5(12).
https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2017.04.33 [DOI:10.21037%2Fatm.2017.04.33]
Sun Z, Cięszczyk P, Humińska-Lisowska K, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Yue S. Genetic Determinants of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Sport: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2023;88. [DOI:10.5114/jhk/163073]
Sun Z, Cięszczyk P, Humińska-Lisowska K, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Yue S. Genetic Determinants of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Sport: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2023;88. [DOI:10.5114/jhk/163073]
Maffulli N, Margiotti K, Longo UG, Loppini M, Fazio VM, Denaro V. The genetics of sports injuries and athletic performance. Muscles, ligaments and tendons journal. 2013 Jul;3(3):173. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3838326/
Maffulli N, Margiotti K, Longo UG, Loppini M, Fazio VM, Denaro V. The genetics of sports injuries and athletic performance. Muscles, ligaments and tendons journal. 2013 Jul;3(3):173. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3838326/
Lim T, Santiago C, Pareja‐Galeano H, Iturriaga T, Sosa‐Pedreschi A, Fuku N, Pérez‐Ruiz M, Yvert T. Genetic variations associated with non‐contact muscle injuries in sport: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021 Nov;31(11):2014-32. [DOI:10.1111/sms.14020]
Lim T, Santiago C, Pareja‐Galeano H, Iturriaga T, Sosa‐Pedreschi A, Fuku N, Pérez‐Ruiz M, Yvert T. Genetic variations associated with non‐contact muscle injuries in sport: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021 Nov;31(11):2014-32. [DOI:10.1111/sms.14020]
Ulusoy I, KIVRAK A. Is blood group a risk factor in lateral epicondylitis?. European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences. 2023 May 1;27(9). [DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32301]
Ulusoy I, KIVRAK A. Is blood group a risk factor in lateral epicondylitis?. European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences. 2023 May 1;27(9). [DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202305_32301]
Tabor JB, Brett BL, Nelson L, Meier T, Penner LC, Mayer AR, Echemendia RJ, McAllister T, Meehan WP, Patricios J, Makdissi M. Role of biomarkers and emerging technologies in defining and assessing neurobiological recovery after sport-related concussion: a systematic review. British journal of sports medicine. 2023 Jun 1;57(12):789-97. [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106680]
Tabor JB, Brett BL, Nelson L, Meier T, Penner LC, Mayer AR, Echemendia RJ, McAllister T, Meehan WP, Patricios J, Makdissi M. Role of biomarkers and emerging technologies in defining and assessing neurobiological recovery after sport-related concussion: a systematic review. British journal of sports medicine. 2023 Jun 1;57(12):789-97. [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106680]
Torabi F, Ranjbar K, Soori Z. The Survey of the Effect of Music on Performance of Physical Fitness Factors in Adolescent Boys. Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning. 2013 Apr 21;5(1):39-53. [DOI:10.22059/jmlm.2013.35003]
Torabi F, Ranjbar K, Soori Z. The Survey of the Effect of Music on Performance of Physical Fitness Factors in Adolescent Boys. Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning. 2013 Apr 21;5(1):39-53. [DOI:10.22059/jmlm.2013.35003]
Callow R, Cook LM. Genetic and evolutionary diversity: the sport of nature. Taylor & Francis; 2023 May 31. [DOI:10.1201/9781003421887]
Callow R, Cook LM. Genetic and evolutionary diversity: the sport of nature. Taylor & Francis; 2023 May 31. [DOI:10.1201/9781003421887]
Ahmetov II, Hall EC, Semenova EA, Pranckevičienė E, Ginevičienė V. Advances in sports genomics. InAdvances in Clinical Chemistry 2022 Jan 1 (Vol. 107, pp. 215-263). Elsevier. [DOI:10.1016/bs.acc.2021.07.004]
Ahmetov II, Hall EC, Semenova EA, Pranckevičienė E, Ginevičienė V. Advances in sports genomics. InAdvances in Clinical Chemistry 2022 Jan 1 (Vol. 107, pp. 215-263). Elsevier. [DOI:10.1016/bs.acc.2021.07.004]