اثر مداخلات بازخوردی بر مکانیک اندام تحتانی و عملکرد در افراد با نقص کنترل حرکتی در حرکات پرش-فرود: مطالعه مروری نظام‌مند

نویسندگان

1 دکتری، گروه آسیب های ورزشی و تمرینات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 استاد گروه فیزیوتراپی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده
مقدمه و هدف: نقص‌های کنترل حرکتی مانند ولگوس پویا‌ی زانو و غلبه عضله چهار سر ران از مهم‌ترین عوامل قابل تعدیل در بروز آسیب‌های اندام تحتانی محسوب می‌شوند. به‌کارگیری بازخورد به‌عنوان یک مداخله آموزشی برای اصلاح الگوهای پرخطر حرکتی پیشنهادشده است. هدف مطالعه حاضر، بررسی اثر مداخلات بازخوردی بر مکانیک اندام تحتانی و عملکرد، هنگام انجام حرکات پرش فرود بود.

روش: جستجوی نظام‌مند در پایگاه‌های بین‌المللی PubMed، Scopus، ScienceDirect، Google Scholar و پایگاه‌های داخلی مگیران و ایرانداک طی سال‌های ۲۰۰۰ تا ۲۰۲۳ انجام شد. مطالعاتی وارد شدند که اثر هر نوع بازخورد را بر افراد سالم دارای نقص کنترل حرکتی اندام تحتانی بررسی کرده بودند. از میان ۵۴۰ مقاله اولیه، در نهایت ۲۰ مطالعه پس از غربالگری و بررسی متن کامل وارد مرور شدند.

یافته‌ها: بیشتر مطالعات گزارش کردند که بازخورد به‌ویژه از نوع بیرونی یا زمان واقعی موجب افزایش زاویه فلکشن مفصل ران و زانو در صفحه ساژیتال در حین پرش فرود شد. نتایج مربوط به صفحه فرونتال متناقض بود؛ برخی کاهش معنی‌دار ولگوس زانو را گزارش کردند و برخی تغییری مشاهده نکردند. بااین‌حال، تعداد کمی از مطالعات شاخص‌های عملکردی را بررسی کرده بودند و نتایج در این زمینه ناسازگار بود.

نتیجه‌گیری: مداخلات بازخوردی در بهبود عوامل بیومکانیکی مرتبط با پیشگیری از آسیب اندام تحتانی مؤثر هستند، اما شواهد مربوط به تأثیر آن‌ها بر عملکرد ورزشی قطعی نیست. انجام مطالعات بیشتر با تمرکز بر ماندگاری اثر و پیامدهای عملکردی ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

The Effect Of Feedback Interventions On Lower Limb Mechanics And Performance In people With Motor Control Deficits In Jump-Landing Movements: a Systematic Review

نویسندگان English

Mohadeseh Ashrafizadeh 1
Ali Asghar Norasteh 2
1 PhD, Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2 PhD P.T physiotherapy department, Faculty of Medicine., Guilan University of Medical Sciences.
چکیده English

Introduction & Aim: Motor control deficits such as dynamic knee valgus and quadriceps dominance are recognized as key modifiable risk factors for lower-limb injuries. Feedback-based training has been proposed as an effective strategy to correct high-risk biomechanics. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of feedback interventions on lower-limb mechanics and performance during jump-landing movements

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar) and national databases (Magiran, Irandoc) from 2000 to 2023. Studies were included if they examined the effects of any form of feedback on healthy individuals with lower-limb motor control deficits. From an initial 540 retrieved articles, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening and full-text review.

Results: Most studies reported that feedback, particularly external or real-time feedback, led to increased flexion angles of the hip and knee in the sagittal plane during jump-landing. The findings regarding frontal plane mechanics were inconsistent: some studies showed a reduction in knee valgus angle, while others reported no significant change. A majority confirmed a reduction in peak vertical ground reaction force following feedback. However, limited studies assessed performance outcomes such as jump height or reactive strength index, and their findings were contradictory.

Conclusion: Feedback interventions appear effective in improving biomechanical risk factors related to lower-limb injury during jump-landing tasks; however, their impact on functional performance remains unclear. Further research is required to determine long-term retention and performance outcomes.


کلیدواژه‌ها English

Valgus Knee
Dynamic Knee Valgus
Quadriceps Dominancy
Biomechanics
Kinematic
Performance And Feedback
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